If a deep vein thrombosis breaks free and enters the lungs, will it likely lodge in the pulmonary artery or the pulmonary vein, and what pathology would occur?
Answer(s): B
A thrombus from a deep vein travels through the venous system to the right side of the heart and then into the pulmonary arteries, where it can block blood flow to the lungs and impair gas exchange, causing a pulmonary embolism.
A 50-year-old patient has shortness of breath and chest pain that worsens with inspiration. The skin is hot and dry. The patient also has a non-productive cough, and coarse crackles are heard upon auscultation on the right side. What condition is most likely causing this patient's signs and symptoms?
Answer(s): A
Fever, pleuritic chest pain, non-productive cough, and localized crackles are characteristic of pneumonia due to infection and inflammation of lung tissue.
A 50-year-old patient has pain in the right calf. The patient describes the pain as cramping and soreness. The right calf is red, warm to the touch, and noticeably larger than the left calf. The patient’s signs and symptoms are most likely caused by which of the following conditions?
Answer(s): C
Calf pain with redness, warmth, and swelling is characteristic of deep vein thrombosis due to a clot forming in the deep veins of the leg.
А 21-year-old patient is nauseous and actively vomiting. The patient has a sweet odor on the breath. The skin is warm, flushed, and dry. The patient is breathing at 40/min. What should the EMT most strongly suspect is the cause of the patient's condition?
The patient’s fruity (sweet) breath odor, rapid breathing, nausea/vomiting, and warm, dry skin are classic signs of diabetic ketoacidosis, which results from insulin deficiency and ketone production causing metabolic acidosis.
A 42-year-old patient with a history of COPD has exertional dyspnea. The patient has a productive cough with green-tinged sputum. Which additional findings should the EMT expect to see with this patient? (Choose two.)
Answer(s): C,E
COPD with productive cough and green sputum suggests infection and chronic lung disease, where crackles may be present due to mucus and inflammation, and dependent edema can occur from chronic hypoxia leading to right-sided heart failure.
A 23-year-old female has a tear in her perineum following delivery. This is best treated by:
Answer(s): D
A perineal tear is managed by applying direct pressure to control bleeding and promote clot formation.
A 20-year-old patient has shortness of breath and audible wheezes that began suddenly. Urticaria is present. The vital signs are 82/48, P 104, R 24, and SpO2 91% on room air. Which of the following interventions should the EMT perform next?
The patient is in anaphylactic shock with hypotension, wheezing, and urticaria. Epinephrine is the immediate, life-saving treatment to reverse airway constriction and improve blood pressure.
A 35-year-old female in her third trimester complains of bright red vaginal bleeding. She denies pain or contractions. You should suspect:
Painless bright red vaginal bleeding in the third trimester is characteristic of placenta previa, where the placenta covers or is near the cervical opening.
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