QUESTION: 49

Alice, a cloud forensic investigator, has located, a relevant evidence during his investigation of a security breach in an organization's Azure environment. As an investigator, he needs to sync different types of logs generated by Azure resources with Azure services for better monitoring.
Which Azure logging and auditing feature can enable Alice to record information on the Azure subscription layer and obtain the evidence (information related to the operations performed on a specific resource, timestamp, status of the operation, and the user responsible for it)?

Azure Resource Logs
Azure Storage Analytics Logs
Azure Activity Logs
Azure Active Directory Reports

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Azure Activity Logs provide a record of operations performed on resources within an Azure subscription. They are essential for monitoring and auditing purposes, as they offer detailed information on the operations, including the timestamp, status, and the identity of the user responsible for the operation.

Here's how Azure Activity Logs can be utilized by Alice:

1. Recording Operations: Azure Activity Logs record all control-plane activities, such as creating, updating, and deleting resources through Azure Resource Manager.

2. Evidence Collection: For forensic purposes, these logs are crucial as they provide evidence of the operations performed on specific resources.

3. Syncing Logs: Azure Activity Logs can be integrated with Azure services for better monitoring and can be synced with other tools for analysis.

4. Access and Management: Investigators like Alice can access these logs through the Azure portal, Azure CLI, or Azure Monitor REST API.

5. Security and Compliance: These logs are also used for security and compliance, helping organizations to meet regulatory requirements.

Reference:

Microsoft Learn documentation on Azure security logging and auditing, which includes details on Azure Activity Logs1.

Azure Monitor documentation, which provides an overview of the monitoring solutions and mentions the use of Azure Activity Logs2.

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QUESTION: 50

Rick Warren has been working as a cloud security engineer in an IT company for the past 4 years. Owing to the robust security features and various cost-effective services offered by AWS, in 2010, his organization migrated to the AWS cloud environment.
While inspecting the intrusion detection system, Rick detected a security incident.
Which of the following AWS services collects logs from various data sources and stores them on a centralized location as logs files that can be used during forensic investigation in the event of a security incident?

Amazon CloudWatch
AWS CloudFormation
Amazon CloudFront
Amazon CloudTrail

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Amazon CloudTrail is a service that provides event history of your AWS account activity, including actions taken through the AWS Management Console, AWS SDKs, command line tools, and other AWS services. This event history simplifies security analysis, resource change tracking, and troubleshooting. In the context of forensic investigation, CloudTrail plays a crucial role:

1. Event Logging: CloudTrail collects logs from various AWS services and resources, recording every API call and user activity that alters the AWS environment.

2. Centralized Storage: It aggregates the logs and stores them in a centralized location, which can be an Amazon S3 bucket.

3. Forensic Investigation: The logs stored by CloudTrail are detailed and include information about the user, the time of the API call, the source IP address, and the response elements returned by the AWS service. This makes it an invaluable tool for forensic investigations.

4. Security Monitoring: CloudTrail logs can be continuously monitored and analyzed for suspicious activity, which is essential for detecting security incidents.

5. Compliance: The service helps with compliance audits by providing a history of changes in the AWS environment.

Reference:

AWS's official documentation on CloudTrail, which outlines its capabilities and use cases for security and compliance1.

An AWS blog post discussing the importance of CloudTrail logs in security incident investigations2.

A third-party article explaining how CloudTrail is used for forensic analysis in AWS environments3.

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QUESTION: 51

Jerry Mulligan is employed by an IT company as a cloud security engineer. In 2014, his organization migrated all applications and data from on-premises to a cloud environment. Jerry would like to perform penetration testing to evaluate the security across virtual machines, installed apps, and OSes in the cloud environment, including conducting various security assessment steps against risks specific to the cloud that could expose them to serious threats.
Which of the following cloud computing service models does not allow cloud penetration testing (CPEN) to Jerry?

DBaaS
laaS
PaaS
SaaS

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

In the cloud computing service models, SaaS (Software as a Service) typically does not allow customers to perform penetration testing. This is because SaaS applications are managed by the service provider, and the security of the application is the responsibility of the provider, not the customer.

Here's why SaaS doesn't allow penetration testing:

1. Managed Service: SaaS providers manage the security of their applications, including regular updates and patches.

2. Shared Environment: SaaS applications often run in a shared environment where multiple customers use the same infrastructure, making it impractical for individual customers to conduct penetration testing.

3. Provider's Policies: Most SaaS providers have strict policies against unauthorized testing, as it could impact the service's integrity and availability for other users.

4. Alternative Assessments: Instead of penetration testing, SaaS providers may offer security assessments or compliance certifications to demonstrate the security of their applications.

Reference:

Oracle's FAQ on cloud security testing, which states that penetration and vulnerability testing are not allowed for Oracle SaaS offerings1.

Cloud Security Alliance's article on pentesting in the cloud, mentioning that CSPs often have policies describing which tests can be performed and which cannot, especially in SaaS models2.

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QUESTION: 52

SecAppSol Pvt. Ltd. is a cloud software and application development company located in Louisville, Kentucky. The security features provided by its previous cloud service provider was not satisfactory, and in 2012, the organization became a victim of eavesdropping. Therefore, SecAppSol Pvt. Ltd. changed its cloud service provider and adopted AWS cloud- based services owing to its robust and cost-effective security features. How does SecAppSol Pvt. Ltd.'s security team encrypt the traffic between the load balancer and client that initiate

SSL or TLS sessions?

By enabling Amazon GuardDuty
By enabling HTTPS listener
By enabling Cloud Identity Aware Proxy
By enabling RADIUS Authentication

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

To encrypt the traffic between the load balancer and clients that initiate SSL or TLS sessions,

SecAppSol Pvt. Ltd.'s security team would enable an HTTPS listener on their load balancer. This is a common method used in AWS to secure communication.

Here's how it works:

1. HTTPS Listener Configuration: The security team configures the load balancer with an HTTPS listener, which listens for incoming SSL or TLS connections on a specified port (usually port 443).

2. SSL/TLS Certificates: They deploy SSL/TLS certificates on the load balancer. These certificates are used to establish a secure connection and encrypt the traffic.

3. Secure Communication: When a client initiates a session, the HTTPS listener uses the SSL/TLS certificate to perform a handshake, establish a secure connection, and encrypt the data in transit.

4. Backend Encryption: Optionally, the load balancer can also be configured to encrypt traffic to the backend servers, ensuring end-to-end encryption.

5. Security Policies: The security team sets security policies on the load balancer to define the ciphers and protocols used for SSL/TLS, further enhancing security.

Reference:

AWS documentation on configuring end-to-end encryption in a load-balanced environment, which includes setting up an HTTPS listener1.

AWS documentation on creating an HTTPS listener for your Application Load Balancer, detailing the process and requirements2.

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