QUESTION: 53

Martin Sheen is a senior cloud security engineer in SecGlob Cloud Pvt. Ltd. Since 2012, his organization has been using AWS cloud-based services. Using an intrusion detection system and antivirus software, Martin noticed that an attacker is trying to breach the security of his organization. Therefore, Martin would like to identify and protect the sensitive data of his organization. He requires a fully managed data security service that supports S3 storage and provides an inventory of publicly shared buckets, unencrypted buckets, and the buckets shared with AWS accounts outside his organization.
Which of the following Amazon services fulfills

Martin's requirement?

Amazon GuardDuty
Amazon Macie
Amazon Inspector
Amazon Security Hub

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

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Amazon Macie is a fully managed data security and data privacy service that uses machine learning and pattern matching to discover and protect sensitive data in AWS. It is specifically designed to support Amazon S3 storage and provides an inventory of S3 buckets, helping organizations like SecGlob Cloud Pvt. Ltd. to identify and protect their sensitive data.

Here's how Amazon Macie fulfills Martin's requirements:

1. Sensitive Data Identification: Macie automatically and continuously discovers sensitive data, such as personally identifiable information (PII), in S3 buckets.

2. Inventory and Monitoring: It provides an inventory of S3 buckets, detailing which are publicly accessible, unencrypted, or shared with accounts outside the organization.

3. Alerts and Reporting: Macie generates detailed alerts and reports when it detects unauthorized access or inadvertent data leaks.

4. Data Security Posture: It helps improve the data security posture by providing actionable recommendations for securing S3 buckets.

5. Compliance Support: Macie aids in compliance efforts by monitoring data access patterns and ensuring that sensitive data is handled according to policy.

Reference:

AWS documentation on Amazon Macie, which outlines its capabilities for protecting sensitive data in S31.

An AWS blog post discussing how Macie can be used to identify and protect sensitive data in S3 buckets1.

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QUESTION: 54

SevocSoft Private Ltd. is an IT company that develops software and applications for the banking sector. The security team of the organization found a security incident caused by misconfiguration in Infrastructure-as-Code (laC) templates. Upon further investigation, the security team found that the server configuration was built using a misconfigured laC template, which resulted in security breach and exploitation of the organizational cloud resources.
Which of the following would have prevented this security breach and exploitation?

Testing of laC Template
Scanning of laC Template
Striping of laC Template
Mapping of laC Template

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

Scanning Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC) templates is a preventive measure that can identify misconfigurations and potential security issues before the templates are deployed. This process involves analyzing the code to ensure it adheres to best practices and security standards.

Here's how scanning IaC templates could have prevented the security breach:

1. Early Detection: Scanning tools can detect misconfigurations in IaC templates early in the development cycle, before deployment.

2. Automated Scans: Automated scanning tools can be integrated into the CI/CD pipeline to continuously check for issues as code is written and updated.

3. Security Best Practices: Scanning ensures that IaC templates comply with security best practices and organizational policies.

4. Vulnerability Identification: It helps identify vulnerabilities that could be exploited if the infrastructure is deployed with those configurations.

5. Remediation Guidance: Scanning tools often provide guidance on how to fix identified issues, which can prevent exploitation.

Reference:

Microsoft documentation on scanning for misconfigurations in IaC templates1.

Orca Security's blog on securing IaC templates and the importance of scanning them2.

An article discussing common security risks with IaC and the need for scanning templates3.

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QUESTION: 55

Rebecca Gibel has been working as a cloud security engineer in an IT company for the past 5 years. Her organization uses cloud-based services. Rebecca's organization contains personal information about its clients,which is encrypted and stored in the cloud environment. The CEO of her organization has asked Rebecca to delete the personal information of all clients who utilized their services between 2011 and 2015. Rebecca deleted the encryption keys that are used to encrypt the original data; this made the data unreadable and unrecoverable. Based on the given information, which deletion method was implemented by Rebecca?

Data Scrubbing
Nulling Out
Data Erasure
Crypto-Shredding

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Crypto-shredding is the method of `deleting' encrypted data by destroying the encryption keys. This method is particularly useful in cloud environments where physical destruction of storage media is not feasible. By deleting the keys used to encrypt the data, the data itself becomes inaccessible and is effectively considered deleted.

Here's how crypto-shredding works:

1. Encryption: Data is encrypted using cryptographic keys, which are essential for decrypting the data to make it readable.

2. Key Management: The keys are managed separately from the data, often in a secure key management system.

3. Deletion of Keys: When instructed to delete the data, instead of trying to erase the actual data, the encryption keys are deleted.

4. Data Inaccessibility: Without the keys, the encrypted data cannot be decrypted, rendering it unreadable and unrecoverable.

5. Compliance: This method helps organizations comply with data protection regulations that require secure deletion of personal data.

Reference:

A technical paper discussing the concept of crypto-shredding as a method for secure deletion of data in cloud environments.

An industry article explaining how crypto-shredding is used to meet data privacy requirements, especially in cloud storage scenarios.

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QUESTION: 56

Teresa Palmer has been working as a cloud security engineer in a multinational company. Her organization contains a huge amount of data; if these data are transferred to AWS S3 through the internet, it will take weeks. Teresa's organization does not want to spend money on upgrading its internet to a high-speed internet connection. Therefore, Teresa has been sending large amounts of backup data (terabytes to petabytes) to AWS from on-premises using a physical device, which was provided by Amazon. The data in the physical device are imported and exported from and to AWS S3 buckets. This method of data transfer is cost- effective, secure, and faster than the internet for her organization. Based on the given information, which of the following AWS services is being used by Teresa?

AWS Elastic Beanstalk
AWS Storage Gateway Volumes
AWS Storage Gateway Tapes
AWS Snowball

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

AWS Snowball is a data transport solution that uses secure, physical devices to transfer large amounts of data into and out of the AWS cloud. It is designed to overcome challenges such as high network costs, long transfer times, and security concerns.

Here's how AWS Snowball works for Teresa's organization:

1. Requesting the Device: Teresa orders a Snowball device from AWS.

2. Data Transfer: Once the device arrives, she connects it to her local network and transfers the data onto the Snowball device using the Snowball client.

3. Secure Shipment: After the data transfer is complete, the device is shipped back to AWS.

4. Data Import: AWS personnel import the data from the Snowball device into the specified S3 buckets.

5. Erase and Reuse: After the data transfer is verified, AWS performs a software erasure of the Snowball device, making it ready for the next customer.

Reference:

AWS's official documentation on Snowball, which outlines its use cases and process for transferring data.

An AWS blog post discussing the benefits of using Snowball for large-scale data transfers, including cost-effectiveness and security.

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QUESTION: 53

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QUESTION: 54

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QUESTION: 55

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QUESTION: 56

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