QUESTION: 65

Dustin Hoffman works as a cloud security engineer in a healthcare company. His organization uses AWS cloud- based services. Dustin would like to view the security alerts and security posture across his organization's AWS account.
Which AWS service can provide aggregated, organized, and prioritized security alerts from AWS services such as GuardDuty, Inspector, Macie, IAM Analyzer, Systems Manager, Firewall Manager, and AWS Partner Network to Dustin?

AWS Config
AWS CloudTrail
AWS Security Hub
AWS CloudFormation

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

AWS Security Hub is designed to provide users with a comprehensive view of their security state within AWS and help them check their environment against security industry standards and best practices.

Here's how AWS Security Hub serves Dustin's needs:

1. Aggregated View: Security Hub aggregates security alerts and findings from various AWS services such as GuardDuty, Inspector, and Macie.

2. Organized Data: It organizes and prioritizes these findings to help identify and focus on the most important security issues.

3. Security Posture: Security Hub provides a comprehensive view of the security posture of AWS accounts, helping to understand the current state of security and compliance.

4. Automated Compliance Checks: It performs automated compliance checks based on standards and best practices, such as the Center for Internet Security (CIS) AWS Foundations Benchmark.

5. Integration with AWS Services: Security Hub integrates with other AWS services and partner solutions, providing a centralized place to manage security alerts and automate responses.

Reference:

AWS's official documentation on Security Hub, which outlines its capabilities for managing security alerts and improving security posture.

An AWS blog post discussing how Security Hub can be used to centralize and prioritize security findings across an AWS environment.

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QUESTION: 66

Global CyberSec Pvt. Ltd. is an IT company that provides software and application services related to cybersecurity. Owing to the robust security features offered by Microsoft Azure, the organization adopted the Azure cloud environment. A security incident was detected on the Azure cloud platform. Global CyberSec Pvt. Ltd.'s security team examined the log data collected from various sources. They found that the VM was affected. In this scenario, when should the backup copy of the snapshot be taken in a blob container as a page blob during the forensic acquisition of the compromised Azure VM?

After deleting the snapshot from the source resource group
Before mounting the snapshot onto the forensic workstation
After mounting the snapshot onto the forensic workstation
Before deleting the snapshot from the source resource group

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

In the context of forensic acquisition of a compromised Azure VM, it is crucial to maintain the integrity of the evidence. The backup copy of the snapshot should be taken before any operations that could potentially alter the data are performed. This means creating the backup copy in a blob container as a page blob before mounting the snapshot onto the forensic workstation.

Here's the process:

1. Create Snapshot: First, a snapshot of the VM's disk is created to capture the state of the VM at the point of compromise.

2. Backup Copy: Before the snapshot is mounted onto the forensic workstation for analysis, a backup copy of the snapshot should be taken and stored in a blob container as a page blob.

3. Maintain Integrity: This step ensures that the original snapshot remains unaltered and can be used as evidence, maintaining the chain of custody.

4. Forensic Analysis: After the backup copy is secured, the snapshot can be mounted onto the forensic workstation for detailed analysis.

5. Documentation: All steps taken during the forensic acquisition process should be thoroughly documented for legal and compliance purposes.

Reference:

Microsoft's guidelines on the computer forensics chain of custody in Azure, which include the process of handling VM snapshots for forensic purposes1.

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QUESTION: 67

In a tech organization's cloud environment, an adversary can rent thousands of VM instances for launching a DDoS attack. The criminal can also keep secret documents such as terrorist and illegal money transfer docs in the cloud storage. In such a situation, when a forensic investigation is initiated, it involves several stakeholders (government members, industry partners, third-parties, and law enforcement). In this scenario, who acts as the first responder for the security issue on the cloud?

Incident Handlers
External Assistance
Investigators
IT Professionals

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

In the event of a security issue on the cloud, such as a DDoS attack or illegal activities, Incident Handlers are typically the first responders. Their role is to manage the initial response to the incident, which includes identifying, assessing, and mitigating the threat to reduce damage and recover from the attack.

Here's the role of Incident Handlers as first responders:

1. Incident Identification: They quickly identify the nature and scope of the incident.

2. Initial Response: Incident Handlers take immediate action to contain and control the situation to prevent further damage.

3. Communication: They communicate with internal stakeholders and may coordinate with external parties like law enforcement if necessary.

4. Evidence Preservation: Incident Handlers work to preserve evidence for forensic analysis and legal proceedings.

5. Recovery and Documentation: They assist in the recovery process and document all actions taken for future reference and analysis.

Reference:

Industry best practices on incident response, highlighting the role of Incident Handlers as first responders.

Guidelines from cybersecurity frameworks outlining the responsibilities of Incident Handlers during a cloud security incident.

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QUESTION: 68

Scott Herman works as a cloud security engineer in an IT company. His organization has deployed a 3-tier web application in the same Google Cloud Virtual Private Cloud. Each tier (web interface (UI), API, and database) is scaled independently of others. Scott Herman obtained a requirement that the network traffic should always access the database using the API and any request coming directly from the web interface to the database should not be allowed. How should Scott configure the network with minimal steps?

By adding tags to each tier and setting up firewall rules to allow the desired traffic flow
By adding tags to each tier and setting up routes to allow the desired traffic flow
By setting up software-based firewalls on individual VMs
By adding each tier to a different subnetwork

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

In Google Cloud Virtual Private Cloud (VPC), network tags are used to apply firewall rules to specific instances. Scott can use these tags to control the traffic flow between the tiers of the web application. Here's how he can configure the network:

1. Assign Network Tags: Assign unique network tags to the instances in each tier for example, `ui-tag' for the web interface, `api-tag' for the API, and `db-tag' for the database.

2. Create Firewall Rules: Create firewall rules that allow traffic from the API tier to the database tier by specifying the `api-tag' as the source filter and `db-tag' as the target filter.

3. Restrict Direct Access: Ensure that there are no rules allowing direct traffic from the `ui-tag' to the `db-tag', effectively blocking any direct requests from the web interface to the database.

4. Apply Rules: Apply the firewall rules to the respective instances based on their tags.

By using network tags and firewall rules, Scott can ensure that the database is only accessible via the API, and direct access from the UI is not permitted.

Reference:

Google Cloud documentation on setting up firewall rules and using network tags1.

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