QUESTION: 61

Ewan McGregor works as a cloud security engineer in a multinational company that develops software and applications for eCommerce companies. Owing to the robust services provided by AWS for developing applications and software, his organization migrated to the AWS cloud in 2010. To test whether it is possible to escalate privileges to obtain AWS administrator account access, Ewan attempt to update the login profile with regular user accounts.
Which of the following commands should Ewan try to update an existing login profile?

aws iam update-login-profile -- user-name < password > -- password < username >
aws iam update-login-profile -- user-name < username > -- password < password >
aws iam update-login-profile -- user-name < password > -- password < username >
aws iam update-login-profile -- password < password > -- user-name < username >

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

To update an existing login profile for an IAM user, the correct AWS CLI command syntax is as follows:

aws iam update-login-profile --user-name <username> --password <password>

Here's the breakdown of the command:

1. aws iam update-login-profile: This is the AWS CLI command to update the IAM user's login profile.

2. user-name <username>: The --user-name flag specifies the IAM username whose login profile Ewan wants to update.

3. password <password>: The --password flag followed by <password> sets the new password for the specified IAM user.

It's important to replace <username> with the actual username and <password> with the new password Ewan wishes to set.

Reference:

AWS CLI documentation on the update-login-profile command1.

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QUESTION: 62

Sandra Oliver has been working as a cloud security engineer in an MNC. Her organization adopted the Microsoft Azure cloud environment owing to its on-demand scalability, robust security, and high availability features. Sandra's team leader assigned her the task to increase the availability of organizational applications; therefore, Sandra is looking for a solution that can be utilized for distributing the traffic to backend Azure virtual machines based on the attributes of the HTTP request received from clients.
Which of the following Azure services fulfills Sarah's requirements?

Azure Application Gateway
Azure Sentinel
Azure ExpressRoute
Azure Front Door

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

Azure Application Gateway is a web traffic load balancer that enables Sandra to manage traffic to her web applications. It is designed to distribute traffic to backend virtual machines and services based on various HTTP request attributes.

Here's how Azure Application Gateway meets the requirements:

1. Routing Based on HTTP Attributes: Application Gateway can route traffic based on URL path or host headers.

2. SSL Termination: It provides SSL termination at the gateway, reducing the SSL overhead on the web servers.

3. Web Application Firewall: Application Gateway includes a Web Application Firewall (WAF) that provides protection to web applications from common web vulnerabilities and exploits.

4. Session Affinity: It can maintain session affinity, which is useful when user sessions need to be directed to the same server.

5. Scalability and High Availability: Application Gateway supports autoscaling and zone redundancy, ensuring high availability and scalability.

Reference:

Azure's official documentation on Application Gateway, which details its capabilities for routing traffic based on HTTP request attributes1.

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QUESTION: 63

An AWS customer was targeted with a series of HTTPS DDoS attacks, believed to be the largest layer 7 DDoS reported to date. Starting around 10 AM ET on March 1, 2023, more than 15,500 requests per second (rps) began targeting the AWS customer's load balancer. After 10 min, the number of requests increased to 2,50,000 rps.

This attack resembled receiving the entire daily traffic in only 10s. An AWS service was used to sense and mitigate this DDoS attack as well as prevent bad bots and application vulnerabilities. Identify which of the following AWS services can accomplish this.

AWS Amazon Direct Connect
Amazon CloudFront
AWS Shield Standard
AWS EBS

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

AWS Shield Standard is a managed Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) protection service that is automatically included with AWS services such as Amazon CloudFront and Elastic Load Balancing (ELB). It provides protection against common, most frequently occurring network and transport layer DDoS attacks.

Here's how AWS Shield Standard works to mitigate such attacks:

1. Automatic Protection: AWS Shield Standard provides always-on detection and automatic inline mitigations that minimize application downtime and latency.

2. Layer 7 Protection: It offers protection against layer 7 DDoS attacks, which target the application layer and are typically more complex than infrastructure attacks.

3. Integration with AWS Services: Shield Standard is integrated with other AWS services like ELB and CloudFront, providing a seamless defense mechanism.

4. Real-Time Visibility: Customers get real-time visibility into attacks via AWS Management Console and CloudWatch.

5. Cost-Effectiveness: There is no additional charge for AWS Shield Standard; it comes included with AWS services, making it a cost-effective solution for DDoS protection.

Reference:

AWS Shield's official page detailing how it provides managed DDoS protection1.

AWS documentation on best practices for DDoS resiliency, mentioning AWS Shield's role in mitigation2.

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QUESTION: 64

James Harden works as a cloud security engineer in an IT company. James' organization has adopted a RaaS architectural model in which the production application is placed in the cloud and the recovery or backup target is kept in the private data center. Based on the given information, which RaaS architectural model is implemented in James' organization?

From-cloud RaaS
By-cloud RaaS
To-cloud RaaS
In-cloud RaaS

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

The RaaS (Recovery as a Service) architectural model described, where the production application is placed in the cloud and the recovery or backup target is kept in the private data center, is known as

"From-cloud RaaS." This model is designed for organizations that want to utilize cloud resources for their primary operations while maintaining their disaster recovery systems on-premises.

Here's how the From-cloud RaaS model works:

1. Cloud Production Environment: The primary production application runs in the cloud, taking advantage of the cloud's scalability and flexibility.

2. On-Premises Recovery: The disaster recovery site is located in the organization's private data center, not in the cloud.

3. Data Replication: Data is replicated from the cloud to the on-premises data center to ensure that the backup is up-to-date.

4. Disaster Recovery: In the event of a disaster affecting the cloud environment, the organization can recover its applications and data from the on-premises backup.

5. Control and Compliance: This model allows organizations to maintain greater control over their recovery processes and meet specific compliance requirements that may not be fully addressed in the cloud.

Reference:

Industry guidelines on RaaS architectural models, explaining the different approaches including From-cloud RaaS.

A white paper discussing the benefits and considerations of various RaaS deployment models for organizations.

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