QUESTION: 129 Topic - Section: Reading

Reading Material

A quantitative descriptive study focused on the attitudes of nurses towards chronic pain found in the cancer patient population. The study sample was composed of 93 nurses from three hospitals with an average age of
30.54 years. Of these, 45.2% had a bachelor’s degree.

Throughout their professional careers, 91.4% of the nurses said they had acquired training in the assessment and treatment of pain. A small percentage, 18.3%, acquired this training through postgraduate studies or equivalent. However, 76.5% of these nurses found their training insufficient and experienced difficulties in the assessment of chronic pain in cancer patients.

Independent variables were not found to influence the attitudes of the nurses in this study. The study concluded that many nurses have little knowledge about cancer-related pain in the areas of pain assessment, pain management, psychological pain, spiritual pain, and the side effects of analgesic therapy. The results suggest the need for more training in the area of pain and pain assessment in this population.

What is the main conclusion you can draw from the accompanying text?

Nurses need more training in order to take care of patients in pain.
Nurses are scared of chronic pain.
Nurses are completely prepared to take care of patients with chronic pain.
Nurses can’t deal with their patients’ pain.

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

The final sentence of the passage concludes that, “The results suggest the need for more training [of nurses] in the area of pain and pain assessment in this population.”

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QUESTION: 130 Topic - Section: Reading

Reading Material

A quantitative descriptive study focused on the attitudes of nurses towards chronic pain found in the cancer patient population. The study sample was composed of 93 nurses from three hospitals with an average age of 30.54 years. Of these, 45.2% had a bachelor’s degree.

Throughout their professional careers, 91.4% of the nurses said they had acquired training in the assessment and treatment of pain. A small percentage, 18.3%, acquired this training through postgraduate studies or equivalent. However, 76.5% of these nurses found their training insufficient and experienced difficulties in the assessment of chronic pain in cancer patients.

Independent variables were not found to influence the attitudes of the nurses in this study. The study concluded that many nurses have little knowledge about cancer-related pain in the areas of pain assessment, pain management, psychological pain, spiritual pain, and the side effects of analgesic therapy. The results suggest the need for more training in the area of pain and pain assessment in this population.

Which of these is not mentioned in the accompanying text?

More than 30% of the nurses that participated in the study have a bachelor’s degree.
A small percentage of nurses acquired their training through postgraduate studies.
Nurses need more training in the area of pain.
This study was influenced by independent variables.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Independent variables were not mentioned in this passage. The idea that nurses need more training in the area of pain and the statistics about the number of nurses who acquired their training through postgraduate studies and the number of nurses in the study who have a bachelor’s degree were explicitly stated.

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QUESTION: 131 Topic - Section: Reading

Reading Material

Smallpox is one of the deadliest and dangerous diseases affecting the human population across the world. The first recorded epidemic was in 1350 BC during the Egyptian-Hittite war, and it was quite prevalent in the late 1800’s through a large part of the 1900’s. Approximately five hundred million people were infected with the disease prior to its eradication in the 1970’s, with the last case being in Somalia in 1977. Symptoms of infection included excessive bleeding, high fever, delirium, vomiting, and a raised pink rash. Most cases of smallpox ended in death and survivors were often seriously maimed by pock marks, blindness, or infertility. The pain and suffering remained for a lifetime after the disease was gone.

There is no known cure for smallpox, only preventative vaccinations. Because smallpox was wiped out in 1970′ s, the World Health Organization (W.H.O.) recommended that all countries stop vaccinating for the disease in 1980. This means that today, most young people are not vaccinated against the disease. Because the disease is considered eradicated, the issue of what to do with the remaining government-held vaccines has been an issue of debate. Should the stored vaccines be destroyed since the disease is no longer a concern, or do we keep them in storage for research or in case of an unexpected outbreak? Experts at the Center for Disease Control (C.D.C.) and the World Health Organization have spent an enormous amount of time researching this issue and have given much educated thought to the matter. Reportedly the W.H.O. wants to destroy all vaccines, however some scientists feel the destruction could do more harm than good.

The issue of bioterrorism adds another layer of complexity to the issue. In the case of smallpox, just a small amount of the virus released in the air could infect thousands of people in 6-24 hours. If such a disease were used as a weapon, we would obviously want the vaccine available for use. However, the fact that the vaccine still exists allows the use of smallpox for bioterrorism in the first place. If we could be sure all of the vaccine was destroyed, the decision may be a bit easier, but what if it the vaccine were only partially destroyed, and the remainder was used by an unfriendly nation?

In this world of global unrest and increasing technology, bioterrorism will come an increasing concern. The smallpox virus could be a serious threat to world health should any nation engage in the act if bioterrorism against an enemy. The question remains: do we run the risk of bioterrorism by continuing to store the medicine for several hundred smallpox vaccinations or do we destroy the vaccine and pray that there is no outbreak of the deadly virus? Because it is unknown at this time if researchers are able to re-create the vaccine, either solution may have permanent consequences.

What is the primary purpose of the accompanying article on smallpox?

to examine the World Health Organization’s view on smallpox
to examine the cause and cure for smallpox
to examine why smallpox is no longer relevant
to examine the issue of what to do with the remaining smallpox vaccines

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The issue of what to do with the remaining smallpox vaccines is brought up several times in the article. In the second paragraph, it states, “Because the disease is considered eradicated, the issue of what to do with the remaining government-held vaccines has been an issue of debate.” In the conclusion, the article again mentions, “The question remains: do we run the risk of bioterrorism by continuing to store several hundred smallpox vaccinations or do we destroy the vaccine and pray that there is no outbreak of the deadly virus?” The other options are either not mentioned or are untrue.

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QUESTION: 132 Topic - Section: Reading

Reading Material

Smallpox is one of the deadliest and dangerous diseases affecting the human population across the world. The first recorded epidemic was in 1350 BC during the Egyptian-Hittite war, and it was quite prevalent in the late 1800’s through a large part of the 1900’s. Approximately five hundred million people were infected with the disease prior to its eradication in the 1970’s, with the last case being in Somalia in 1977. Symptoms of infection included excessive bleeding, high fever, delirium, vomiting, and a raised pink rash. Most cases of smallpox ended in death and survivors were often seriously maimed by pock marks, blindness, or infertility. The pain and suffering remained for a lifetime after the disease was gone.

There is no known cure for smallpox, only preventative vaccinations. Because smallpox was wiped out in 1970′ s, the World Health Organization (W.H.O.) recommended that all countries stop vaccinating for the disease in 1980. This means that today, most young people are not vaccinated against the disease. Because the disease is considered eradicated, the issue of what to do with the remaining government-held vaccines has been an issue of debate. Should the stored vaccines be destroyed since the disease is no longer a concern, or do we keep them in storage for research or in case of an unexpected outbreak? Experts at the Center for Disease Control (C.D.C.) and the World Health Organization have spent an enormous amount of time researching this issue and have given much educated thought to the matter. Reportedly the W.H.O. wants to destroy all vaccines, however some scientists feel the destruction could do more harm than good.

The issue of bioterrorism adds another layer of complexity to the issue. In the case of smallpox, just a small amount of the virus released in the air could infect thousands of people in 6-24 hours. If such a disease were used as a weapon, we would obviously want the vaccine available for use. However, the fact that the vaccine still exists allows the use of smallpox for bioterrorism in the first place. If we could be sure all of the vaccine was destroyed, the decision may be a bit easier, but what if it the vaccine were only partially destroyed, and the remainder was used by an unfriendly nation?

In this world of global unrest and increasing technology, bioterrorism will come an increasing concern. The smallpox virus could be a serious threat to world health should any nation engage in the act if bioterrorism against an enemy. The question remains: do we run the risk of bioterrorism by continuing to store the medicine for several hundred smallpox vaccinations or do we destroy the vaccine and pray that there is no outbreak of the deadly virus? Because it is unknown at this time if researchers are able to re-create the vaccine, either solution may have permanent consequences.

What is the author’s purpose in writing this article about smallpox?

to persuade
to inform
to entertain
to analyze

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

The author is seeking to inform the reader about the current dilemma over smallpox vaccinations. The author gives a brief history of the disease and provides several situations that could occur based on the government and scientific communities’ actions. He does not deeply analyze the issue, try to persuade the reader to take a side, or write in an entertaining style.

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Free HESI A2 Exam Braindumps (page: 33)

QUESTION: 129 Topic - Section: Reading

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QUESTION: 130 Topic - Section: Reading

Explanation:

QUESTION: 131 Topic - Section: Reading

Explanation:

QUESTION: 132 Topic - Section: Reading

Explanation: