QUESTION: 12 Exam Topic: SECTION III, Reading Comprehension

Novel X and Novel Y are both semiautobiographical novels and contain many very similar themes and situations, which might lead one to suspect plagiarism on the part of one of the authors. However, it is more likely that the similarity of themes and situations in the two novels is merely coincidental, since both authors are from very similar backgrounds and have led similar lives.
Which one of the following most accurately expresses the conclusion drawn in the argument?

Novel X and Novel Y are both semiautobiographical novels, and the two novels contain many very similar themes and situations.
The fact that Novel X and Novel Y are both semiautobiographical novels and contain many very similar themes and situations might lead one to suspect plagiarism on the part of one of the authors.
The author of Novel X and the author of Novel Y are from very similar backgrounds and have led very similar lives.
It is less likely that one of the authors of Novel X or Novel Y is guilty of plagiarism than that the similarity of themes and situations in the two novels is merely coincidental.
If the authors of Novel X and Novel Y are from very similar backgrounds and have led similar lives, suspicions that either of the authors plagiarized are very likely to be unwarranted.

Answer(s): D

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QUESTION: 13 Exam Topic: SECTION III, Reading Comprehension

Therapist: Cognitive psychotherapy focuses on changing a patient’s conscious beliefs. Thus, cognitive psychotherapy is likely to be more effective at helping patients overcome psychological problems than are forms of psychotherapy that focus on changing unconscious beliefs and desires, since only conscious beliefs are under the patient’s direct conscious control.
Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the therapist’s argument?

Psychological problems are frequently caused by unconscious beliefs that could be changed with the aid of psychotherapy.
It is difficult for any form of psychotherapy to be effective without focusing on mental states that are under the patient’s direct conscious control.
Cognitive psychotherapy is the only form of psychotherapy that focuses primarily on changing the patient’s conscious beliefs.
No form of psychotherapy that focuses on changing the patient’s unconscious beliefs and desires can be effective unless it also helps change beliefs that are under the patient’s direct conscious control.
All of a patient’s conscious beliefs are under the patient’s conscious control, but other psychological states cannot be controlled effectively without the aid of psychotherapy.

Answer(s): B

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QUESTION: 14 Exam Topic: SECTION III, Reading Comprehension

Commentator: In academic scholarship, sources are always cited, and methodology and theoretical assumptions are set out, so as to allow critical study, replication, and expansion of scholarship. In open-source software, the code in which the program is written can be viewed and modified by individual users for their purposes without getting permission from the producer or paying a fee. In contrast, the code of proprietary software is kept secret, and modifications can be made only by the producer, for a fee. This shows that open-source software better matches the values embodied in academic scholarship, and since scholarship is central to the mission of universities, universities should use only open-source software.
The commentator’s reasoning most closely conforms to which one of the following principles?

Whatever software tools are most advanced and can achieve the goals of academic scholarship are the ones that should alone be used in universities.
Universities should use the type of software technology that is least expensive, as long as that type of software technology is adequate for the purposes of academic scholarship.
Universities should choose the type of software technology that best matches the values embodied in the activities that are central to the mission of universities.
The form of software technology that best matches the values embodied in the activities that are central to the mission of universities is the form of software technology that is most efficient for universities to use.
A university should not pursue any activity that would block the achievement of the goals of academic scholarship at that university.

Answer(s): C

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QUESTION: 15 Exam Topic: SECTION III, Reading Comprehension

A consumer magazine surveyed people who had sought a psychologist’s help with a personal problem. Of those responding who had received treatment for 6 months or less, 20 percent claimed that treatment “made things a lot better.” Of those responding who had received longer treatment, 36 percent claimed that treatment “made things a lot better.” Therefore, psychological treatment lasting more than 6 months is more effective than shorter-term treatment.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

Of the respondents who had received treatment for longer than 6 months, 10 percent said that treatment made things worse.
Patients who had received treatment for longer than 6 months were more likely to respond to the survey than were those who had received treatment for a shorter time.
Patients who feel they are doing well in treatment tend to remain in treatment, while those who are doing poorly tend to quit earlier.
Patients who were dissatisfied with their treatment were more likely to feel a need to express their feelings about it and thus to return the survey.
Many psychologists encourage their patients to receive treatment for longer than 6 months.

Answer(s): C

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QUESTION: 12 Exam Topic: SECTION III, Reading Comprehension

QUESTION: 13 Exam Topic: SECTION III, Reading Comprehension

QUESTION: 14 Exam Topic: SECTION III, Reading Comprehension

QUESTION: 15 Exam Topic: SECTION III, Reading Comprehension