QUESTION: 20 Exam Topic: SECTION III, Reading Comprehension

We should accept the proposal to demolish the old train station, because the local historical society, which vehemently opposes this, is dominated by people who have no commitment to long-term economic well-being. Preserving old buildings creates an impediment to new development, which is critical to economic health.
The flawed reasoning exhibited by the argument above is most similar to that exhibited by which one of the following arguments?

Our country should attempt to safeguard works of art that it deems to possess national cultural significance. These works might not be recognized as such by all taxpayers, or even all critics. Nevertheless, our country ought to expend whatever money is needed to procure all such works as they become available.
Documents of importance to local heritage should be properly preserved and archived for the sake of future generations. For, if even one of these documents is damaged or lost, the integrity of the historical record as a whole will be damaged.
You should have your hair cut no more than once a month. After all, beauticians suggest that their customers have their hair cut twice a month, and they do this as a way of generating more business for themselves.
The committee should endorse the plan to postpone construction of the new expressway. Many residents of the neighborhoods that would be affected are fervently opposed to that construction, and the committee is obligated to avoid alienating those residents.
One should not borrow even small amounts of money unless it is absolutely necessary. Once one borrows a few dollars, the interest starts to accumulate. The longer one takes to repay, the more one ends up owing, and eventually a small debt has become a large one.

Answer(s): C

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QUESTION: 21 Exam Topic: SECTION III, Reading Comprehension

Ethicist: On average, animals raised on grain must be fed sixteen pounds of grain to produce one pound of meat. A pound of meat is more nutritious for humans than a pound of grain, but sixteen pounds of grain could feed many more people than could a pound of meat. With grain yields leveling off, large areas of farmland going out of production each year, and the population rapidly expanding, we must accept the fact that consumption of meat will soon be morally unacceptable.
Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the ethicist’s argument?

Even though it has been established that a vegetarian diet can be healthy, many people prefer to eat meat and are willing to pay for it.
Often, cattle or sheep can be raised to maturity on grass from pastureland that is unsuitable for any other kind of farming.
If a grain diet is supplemented with protein derived from non-animal sources, it can have nutritional value equivalent to that of a diet containing meat.
Although prime farmland near metropolitan areas is being lost rapidly to suburban development, we could reverse this trend by choosing to live in areas that are already urban.
Nutritionists agree that a diet composed solely of grain products is not adequate for human health.

Answer(s): B

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QUESTION: 22 Exam Topic: SECTION III, Reading Comprehension

If the price it pays for coffee beans continues to increase, the Coffee Shoppe will have to increase its prices. In that case, either the Coffee Shoppe will begin selling noncoffee products or its coffee sales will decrease. But selling noncoffee products will decrease the Coffee Shoppe’s overall profitability. Moreover, the Coffee Shoppe can avoid a decrease in overall profitability only if its coffee sales do not decrease. Which one of the following statements follows logically from the statements above?

If the Coffee Shoppe’s overall profitability decreases, the price it pays for coffee beans will have continued to increase.
If the Coffee Shoppe’s overall profitability decreases, either it will have begun selling noncoffee products or its coffee sales will have decreased.
The Coffee Shoppe’s overall profitability will decrease if the price it pays for coffee beans continues to increase.
The price it pays for coffee beans cannot decrease without the Coffee Shoppe’s overall profitability also decreasing.
Either the price it pays for coffee beans will continue to increase or the Coffee Shoppe’s coffee sales will increase.

Answer(s): C

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QUESTION: 23 Exam Topic: SECTION III, Reading Comprehension

Political candidates’ speeches are loaded with promises and with expressions of good intention, but one must not forget that the politicians’ purpose in giving these speeches is to get themselves elected. Clearly, then, these speeches are selfishly motivated and the promises made in them are unreliable.
Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument above?

The argument presumes, without providing justification, that if a person’s promise is not selfishly motivated then that promise is reliable.
The argument presumes, without providing justification, that promises made for selfish reasons are never kept.
The argument confuses the effect of an action with its cause.
The argument overlooks the fact that a promise need not be unreliable just because the person who made it had an ulterior motive for doing so.
The argument overlooks the fact that a candidate who makes promises for selfish reasons may nonetheless be worthy of the office for which he or she is running.

Answer(s): D

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QUESTION: 20 Exam Topic: SECTION III, Reading Comprehension

QUESTION: 21 Exam Topic: SECTION III, Reading Comprehension

QUESTION: 22 Exam Topic: SECTION III, Reading Comprehension

QUESTION: 23 Exam Topic: SECTION III, Reading Comprehension