Administrator: Although many see the growth of graduate programs in universities as progress, it should be cause for concern instead. When universities emphasize graduate education, they place a higher premium on research and demand far greater scholarly or scientific achievement from their faculty. This has led to, among other things, an erosion of the undergraduate curriculum. These developments threaten to undermine the university's main purpose, that of providing high-quality undergraduate education.Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in the administrator's argument?
Answer(s): A
This answer directly reflects the administrator's main conclusion. The administrator suggests that although many see the growth of graduate programs as progress, it should actually be seen as a cause for concern due to its negative impact on the undergraduate curriculum and the university's main purpose.
Business analyst: Today it is often in a corporation's self-interest to appear to be socially responsible that is, to appear to acknowledge other obligations beyond merely pursuing profit. Thus, the maximization of long-term profit can require sacrificing some short-term profits for the sake of some socially beneficial goal.Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the business analyst's reasoning?
If a corporation genuinely acts in socially responsible ways, it will appear socially responsible. This principle supports the business analyst's argument because it implies that appearing socially responsible is not merely about appearance, but rather about actions that align with social responsibility, which can in turn serve the corporation's long-term profit goals.
Misinformation about medicine is rampant among the general public and must be combated. However, some medical experts exacerbate the problem by attempting to debunk false claims about medicine solely by citing facts to support their argument against those claims.Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the approach to debunking medical misinformation described above exacerbates the problem?
Answer(s): E
Chosen option explains how citing facts to debunk misinformation might actually encourage people to believe the false claims. When experts use facts to counter a false claim, people may infer that the false claim has some merit because it is being discussed and debated with evidence. This could inadvertently give more attention and perceived credibility to the misinformation, thus exacerbating the problem.
Ornithologist: In the wild, New Caledonian crows manufacture various types of rudimentary tools out of sticks and leaves, but they do not appear to learn how to do this by observing each other's behavior. Rather, it is likely that the crows simply examine tools other crows have made and then independently figure out how to duplicate those tools.Which one of the following, if true, would most strongly support the ornithologist's hypothesis regarding how New Caledonian crows learn to manufacture tools?
This answer provides strong support for the ornithologist's hypothesis. It demonstrates that even without observing other crows making tools, captive crows are capable of independently creating tools that are similar to those made by wild crows. This suggests that the crows can learn to make tools on their own by examining existing tools and figuring out how to replicate them, which aligns with the ornithologist's hypothesis.
Columnist: Some have argued that because throughout most of human evolution a typical diet contained little if any wheat, the diet of a person today should also contain little if any wheat. But this argument is not to be taken seriously, for accepting it would have the absurd implication that people today should not rely on such things as antibiotics, surgery, or dental care.The proposition that a person's diet today should contain little if any wheat plays which one of the following roles in the columnist's argument?
Answer(s): D
The columnist is arguing against the idea that because humans' historical diet contained little wheat, the modern diet should follow the same principle and contain little wheat. This proposition is introduced by the columnist as part of the argument that they are criticizing. The columnist's goal is to show that such an argument would lead to absurd conclusions (like not relying on antibiotics, surgery, or dental care), thereby discrediting it.
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