Chef: At my restaurant, the lasagna is by far the most popular dish. I say that's because my lasagna is exquisite; my detractors, however, say that it's because my restaurant's menu consists of mostly mediocre dishes. But when I enter dishes from my restaurant's menu into cooking competitions, they consistently do well. Yet my restaurant's patrons still prefer the lasagna! So my detractors must be wrong.The statement that the dishes the chef enters into cooking competitions consistently do well plays which one of the following roles in the chef's argument?
Answer(s): D
The chef's argument is that the success of the restaurant's dishes in cooking competitions undermines the claim that most of the restaurant's menu items are mediocre. The competitive success of the dishes suggests that they are, in fact, of high quality, contradicting the detractors' view.
Futurist: People worry that robots with artificial intelligence will make the world a worse place by taking people's jobs. But even if these fears come true, it will not be solely the fault of the robots. Robots will only end up taking our jobs if they can produce a sufficient amount of goods for society. And if a society with a sufficient amount of goods cannot make itself a better place, then _______.Which one of the following most logically completes the futurist's argument?
Answer(s): B
The futurist is suggesting that if a society with sufficient goods cannot make itself a better place, the blame should not fall on the robots but on the society. The implication is that society has the means to improve but may fail due to other factors such as poor management, priorities, or systemic issues.
C-type and S-type asteroids are the two most common types of asteroids. About 75 percent of known asteroids are C-type. Unlike S-type asteroids, most of which are bright enough to be observed with binoculars, C-type asteroids are very dark, darker than most other types of asteroids. Even the largest C-type asteroids are too dark to be seen without a telescope.Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the information above?
The passage states that while S-type asteroids are bright enough to be seen with binoculars, most C-type asteroids are too dark to be seen without a telescope. Since C-type asteroids make up 75 percent of known asteroids, it follows that most known asteroids are not visible with binoculars.
People whose jobs require them to suppress their emotions for long periods of time need not worry that they will become more emotionally detached in their private lives as a consequence. After all, a furniture mover whose job requires lifting heavy objects all day will not be more likely to lift heavy objects at home as a consequence.Because of fatigue, this person would probably be less inclined to do heavy lifting.Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the argument?
Answer(s): C
Chosen option weakens the argument by providing an example of how job-related behavior (in this case, developing a formal telephone manner) can carry over into personal life. This directly challenges the argument's claim that people who suppress their emotions at work will not become more emotionally detached at home. If people are likely to behave more formally in personal interactions due to their job, it is plausible that emotional suppression at work could lead to emotional detachment in personal life.
Analyst: When attempting to explain what causes economic growth, economists appeal to many factors, including one they label "technology." But this is a mere placeholder that includes anything that isn't already covered by other, better understood causal factors. This practice is similar to when the doctors in a satiric play by Moliére explain that opium puts people to sleep because of its virtus dormitiva, which is just Latin for the power to put people to sleep.The analyst's argument proceeds by
Answer(s): A
The analyst's argument is that the term "technology" in economics is similar to the fictional explanation "virtus dormitiva" in Molière's play. Both are being used as vague explanations that do not actually clarify the underlying causes of the phenomena they are intended to explain. The purpose of the comparison is to show that the use of the term "technology" in economic discussions is similarly unhelpful.
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