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Test Prep LSAT Test Exam
Law School Admission Test: Logical Reasoning, Reading Comprehension, Analytical Reasoning (Page 22 )

Updated On: 19-Jan-2026
Page 22 of 188
PDF with 934 Questions

Because of increases in the price of oil and because of government policies promoting energy conservation, the use of oil to heat homes fell by 40 percent from 1970 to the present, and many homeowners switched to natural gas for heating. Because switching to natural gas involved investing in equipment, a significant switch back to oil in the near future is unlikely.

The prediction that ends the passage would be most seriously called into question if it were true that in the last few years

  1. the price of natural gas to heat homes has remained constant, while the cost of equipment to heat homes with natural gas has fallen sharply
  2. the price of home heating oil has remained constant, while the cost of equipment to heat homes with natural gas has risen sharply
  3. the cost of equipment to heat homes with natural gas has fallen sharply, while the price of home heating oil has fallen to 1970 levels
  4. the cost of equipment to heat homes with oil has fallen sharply, while the price of heating with oil has fallen below the price of heating with natural gas
  5. the use of oil to heat homes has continued to decline, while the price of heating oil has fallen to 1970 levels

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Calling into question the prediction just means that you have to weaken the conclusion of the argument. The prediction in this case is that it is unlikely that people will switch back to oil (from natural gas) in the near future.
What evidence does the author base this prediction on? The fact that many consumers switched to natural gas between 1970 and the present, and that such a switch to natural gas involved investing in equipment. The author must be assuming that investing in natural gas equipment makes it too expensive or too hard to switch back to using oil. The correct answer choice, then, should do something to attack this assumption. D. does this by telling you that the cost of oil heating equipment has fallen sharply (reducing the cost of switching back to oil) and the price of oil has fallen below the price of gas (making it cheaper to heat your home using oil). Again, you don't need to find an answer choice that suggests that consumers will definitely switch back to oil. You just need the one that calls into question the prediction that they won't.



Parents should not necessarily raise their children in the ways experts recommend, even if some of those experts are themselves parents. After all, parents are the ones who directly experience which methods are successful in raising their own children.

Which one of the following most closely conforms to the principle that the passage above illustrates?

  1. Although music theory is intrinsically interesting and may be helpful to certain musicians, it does not distinguish good music from bad: that is a matter of taste and not of theory.
  2. One need not pay much attention to the advice of automotive experts when buying a car if those experts are not interested in the mundane factors that concern the average consumer.
  3. In deciding the best way to proceed, a climber familiar with a mountain might do well to ignore the advice of mountain climbing experts unfamiliar with that mountain.
  4. A typical farmer is less likely to know what types of soil are most productive than is someone with an advanced degree in agricultural science.
  5. Unlike society, one's own conscience speaks with a single voice; it is better to follow the advice of one's own conscience than the advice of society.

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

The question stem tells us we must locate the principle in the stimulus and then find the choice containing an argument that functions in a similar manner. So this Principle question has a Parallel Reasoning feel to it. The author of the stimulus says that parents shouldn't always listen to the advice of child-rearing experts (whoever they are), because parents are the ones with direct experience. So we're looking for a choice that says "don't listen to the experts, direct experience is what counts." That's option [In deciding the best way to proceed...], which says don't listen to mountain climbing experts that don't know the mountain you are climbing.



Sometimes when their trainer gives the hand signal for "Do something creative together," two dolphins circle a pool in tandem and then leap through the air simultaneously. On other occasions the same signal elicits synchronized backward swims or tail-waving. These behaviors are not simply learned responses to a given stimulus. Rather, dolphins are capable of higher cognitive functions that may include the use of language and forethought.

Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

  1. Mammals have some resemblance to one another with respect to bodily function and brain structure.
  2. The dolphins often exhibit complex new responses to the hand signal.
  3. The dolphins are given food incentives as part of their training.
  4. Dolphins do not interact with humans the way they interact with one another.
  5. Some of the behaviors mentioned are exhibited by dolphins in their natural habitat.

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

This is a Strengthen question so you have to shore up the author's argument. The author concludes that dolphins are capable of higher cognitive functions that may include the use of language and forethought. The evidence for this is that in response to a hand signal for doing something together, sometimes the dolphins do a leap together, and sometimes they swim backwards, and sometimes they wave their tails. The author also asserts that these are not simply learned responses. So the author is assuming that they are coming up with these behaviors on their own. Choice [The dolphins often exhibit complex...] helps the author because if the dolphins exhibit new responses to the hand signal, that supports the assumption that the dolphins are coming up with this on their own, and are not simply repeating learned responses. Think about it: if the behaviors observed were sometimes completely new, they couldn't possibly be learned responses. This strengthens the argument that dolphins are capable of higher cognitive functions and in fact use them when responding to the command "does something creative together."



Editorialist: Drivers with a large number of demerit points who additionally have been convicted of a serious driving-related offense should either be sentenced to jail or be forced to receive driver reeducation, since to do otherwise would be to allow a crime to go unpunished. Only if such drivers are likely to be made more responsible drivers should driver re-education be recommended for them. Unfortunately, it is always almost impossible to make drivers with a large number of demerit points more responsible drivers.

If the editorialist's statements are true, they provide the most support for which one of the following?

  1. Drivers with a large number of demerit points who have been convicted of a serious driving-related offense should be sent to jail.
  2. Driver re-education offers the best chance of making drivers with a large number of demerit points responsible drivers.
  3. Driver re-education is not a harsh enough punishment for anyone convicted of a serious driving-related offense who has also accumulated a large number of demerit points.
  4. Driver re-education should not be recommended for those who have committed no serious driving-related offenses.
  5. Drivers with a large number of demerit points but no conviction for a serious driving-related offense should receive driver re-education rather than jail.

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

This one has a formal logic feel to it. There are two possibilities for these violators: they should either get jail or re-education. But re-education works only if it will make them more responsible drivers. In other words, if re- education will work, then it will make them more responsible drivers. However, it is almost impossible for these drivers to become more responsible.
What follows? Well, if these drivers won't get more responsible, then reeducation won't work. But then the only option for these drivers is jail.



Plant manager: We could greatly reduce the amount of sulfur dioxide our copper-smelting plant releases into the atmosphere by using a new process. The new process requires replacing our open furnaces with closed ones and moving the copper from one furnace to the next in solid, not molten, form. However, not only is the new equipment expensive to buy and install, but the new process also costs more to run than the current process, because the copper must be reheated after it has cooled. So overall, adopting the new process will cost much but bring the company no profit.
Supervisor: I agree with your overall conclusion, but disagree about one point you make, since the latest closed furnaces are extremely fuel-efficient.

The point about which the supervisor expresses disagreement with the plant manager is

  1. whether the new copper-smelting process releases less sulfur dioxide gas into the atmosphere than the current process
  2. whether the new copper-smelting process is more expensive to run than the current process
  3. whether the new process should be adopted in the copper-smelting plant
  4. whether closed copper-smelting furnaces are more fuel-efficient than open furnaces
  5. whether cooling and reheating the copper will cost more than moving it in molten form

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

The plant manager describes a process that would reduce pollution. Unfortunately, the new process is more expensive than the current process in two ways (initial cost and maintenance). The plant manager then concludes that the new process will increase costs and not increase profits. The supervisor expresses overall agreement, with one exception, pointing out that the new process is fuel efficient.
What's the relevance of this? Well, if the new process is more fuel efficient, perhaps that will help to offset its increased initial cost and its maintenance costs. The first question is a Point at Issue, so we should scan the choices looking for the issue of overall costs. Remember, the supervisor commented on this issue only, so we don't know what the supervisor thinks about anything else. The plant manager says that the new process will increase costs, whereas the supervisor points out why that need not be so.



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