А 10-year-old patient has a closed angulated deformity of the right leg after falling out of a tree. What action should the EMT take first?
Answer(s): D
In trauma patients, the priority is spinal protection. Manual cervical stabilization should be performed first to prevent potential spinal cord injury before addressing the extremity injury.
A 65-year-old patient is unresponsive after falling from standing. Which of the following signs would be most indicative of increasing intracranial pressure? (Choose three.)
Answer(s): B,C,F
Increasing intracranial pressure leads to Cushing’s response, which includes bradycardia and hypertension, and abnormal breathing patterns such as Cheyne-Stokes respirations due to brainstem involvement.
A 32-year-old patient fell 10 feet off of an embankment. The patient is unresponsive with non-purposeful extension of the extremities. The vital signs are BP 220/106, P 54, and R 16 and irregular. Which of the following conditions should the EMT most strongly suspect?
The patient shows signs of Cushing’s triad—hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respirations—along with decerebrate posturing, which strongly indicates brainstem herniation from increased intracranial pressure.
A 72-year-old patient has a head injury following a fall in a store. Bystanders report the patient was initially unconscious but then woke up. The EMT finds the patient unresponsive again. Which of the following brain injuries should the EMT most strongly suspect?
Answer(s): A
An epidural hematoma classically presents with a brief loss of consciousness followed by a lucid interval and then rapid deterioration as bleeding increases intracranial pressure.
Which of the following injuries occurs when the epidermis is damaged by a scraping force?
Answer(s): B
An abrasion is a superficial injury caused by a scraping force that damages the epidermis.
A 48-year-old patient was shot in their left shoulder. The EMT observes bright red blood pulsating from the wound. Which of the following actions should the EMT perform first?
Bright red pulsatile bleeding indicates arterial hemorrhage, and the immediate priority is to control bleeding with direct pressure.
Which of the following is an acute sign of closed head trauma?
Memory loss is an acute sign of closed head injury, reflecting immediate disruption of brain function after trauma.
Which of the following findings are indicative of increasing intracranial pressure? (Choose two.)
Answer(s): C,E
Increasing intracranial pressure produces Cushing’s response, which includes bradycardia and widening pulse pressure due to impaired brain perfusion.
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