A 10-year-old patient is in hypovolemic shock. Which of the following signs would be early indicators of shock for this patient? (Choose three.)
Answer(s): B,E,F
Early hypovolemic shock in pediatric patients presents with compensatory tachycardia, delayed capillary refill due to poor perfusion, and increased respiratory rate to maintain oxygen delivery.
A 60-year-old patient has severe pain in the right hip after falling down four stairs. They have deformity and shortening of the right leg. The vital signs are BP 164/88, P 90, R 18, and SpO2 96% on room air. What actions should the EMT take for this patient? (Choose two.)
Answer(s): D,E
A hip fracture is best managed by stabilizing the injury with padding and support to minimize movement and pain, and a pelvic binder helps reduce bleeding and stabilize the pelvic region.
A 23-year-old male fell down a flight of stairs, struck his head, and briefly lost consciousness. He opens his eyes when you ask him questions, knows his name, but doesn’t know where he is or what happened. He is able to squeeze your hands on command. What is his Glasgow Coma Score?
Answer(s): D
Eye opening to voice scores 3, verbal response with confusion scores 4, and obeying commands scores 6, giving a total Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13.
A 15-year-old patient is unresponsive following an assault. The patient has a stab wound on the chest, which is gurgling. The vital signs are BP 76/48 mm/Hg, P 146/min, R 26/min, and SpO2 90% on room air. Which of the following types of shock is the most likely cause of the patient's presentation?
Answer(s): C
A gurgling chest wound indicates a sucking chest wound causing air to enter the pleural space, leading to impaired lung expansion and potential tension pneumothorax. This creates a mechanical obstruction to circulation, resulting in obstructive shock.
A 34-year-old patient has a possible midshaft fracture to their right femur. The EMT is considering what the best time to assess distal neurological function would be:-Time 1: Before the splint has been applied-Time 2: After the splint has been appliedAt which of these times, if either, should the EMT assess distal neurological function?
Distal neurological function must be assessed both before and after splinting to establish a baseline and to ensure that circulation and nerve function have not been compromised by the splint.
A 78-year-old female tripped and fell while walking. Her left leg is rotated externally and shorter than her right leg. You should suspect:
External rotation and shortening of the leg following a fall are classic signs of a proximal femur (hip) fracture.
A 28-year-old patient was in a physical altercation. Which of the following signs or symptoms would most likely indicate this patient has a significant brain injury? (Choose two.)
Answer(s): A,C
Significant brain injury can produce Cushing’s response, which includes bradycardia, and unequal pupils indicate increased intracranial pressure affecting cranial nerves.
A 4-year-old patient has a possible neck injury after a fall and requires immobilization to a spine board. When immobilizing the child, which of the following methods, if either, should the EMT use to place the head in a neutral position?
Answer(s): B
Pediatric patients have a proportionately larger occiput, which can cause the head to flex forward when lying flat. Padding under the torso helps bring the head into a neutral alignment.
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