At which of the following anatomic locations can wound packing be performed to stop bleeding? (Choose three.)
Answer(s): A,B,E
Wound packing is used for external bleeding in areas where a tourniquet cannot be applied, such as junctional regions and extremities with deep wounds, including the hip, axilla, and forearm.
What is the difference between the injury patterns in children and those of adults?
Answer(s): B
Children have proportionately larger heads compared to their bodies, which affects injury patterns by increasing the likelihood of head and cervical spine injuries.
A 30-year-old patient has a gunshot wound to the chest and is unconscious. The skin is pale and cool, and capillary refill is 2 seconds. Lung sounds are absent on the right side. The vital signs are BP 100/50, P 140, R 18 and shallow, and SpO2 88% on room air. Which of the following signs or symptoms are the strongest indicators of hypovolemic shock? (Choose three.)
Answer(s): A,C,D
Hypovolemic shock is best indicated by tachycardia from compensatory response, altered mental status due to decreased cerebral perfusion, and pale, cool skin reflecting poor peripheral perfusion.
А 10-year-old patient is in hypovolemic shock. Which of the following signs would be early indicators of shock for this patient? (Choose three.)
Answer(s): B,E,F
Early hypovolemic shock in pediatric patients is characterized by compensatory mechanisms such as tachycardia, delayed capillary refill due to poor perfusion, and increased respiratory rate to maintain oxygen delivery.
A 12-year-old male suffered helmet-to-helmet contact while playing football. A bystander states, “He passed out for several seconds, then walked off the field under his own power.” He is now unresponsive, and his vital signs are BP 180/110, P 90, and R 6. You should suspect:
Answer(s): A
An epidural hematoma classically presents with a brief loss of consciousness followed by a lucid interval, then rapid deterioration as intracranial pressure increases, leading to decreased respirations and altered vital signs.
A 42-year-old male states, “I can’t breathe” after being shot in his upper thigh. Bystanders have applied direct pressure to his thigh and the bleeding is controlled. You should first:
Answer(s): D
After controlling life-threatening bleeding, the next priority is to perform a rapid assessment to identify any additional life-threatening injuries, especially given the patient’s complaint of difficulty breathing.
What sign is the best indication that an 8-year-old is in hypovolemic shock?
Pale skin reflects early peripheral vasoconstriction due to decreased circulating volume, making it a reliable early indicator of hypovolemic shock in children.
A 6-year-old female rode her bicycle into a parked car. She is in moderate respiratory distress and you palpate subcutaneous emphysema. Of the following, what is the most important management for her?
Subcutaneous emphysema after chest trauma indicates possible underlying lung injury such as pneumothorax. Rapid transport to a facility capable of definitive care is the priority.
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