Esophageal varices typically occur in patients with:
Answer(s): D
Esophageal varices are often associated with alcoholism.
A victim has drowned at a family barbecue. Upon arriving at the scene, you are approached by two family members who are yelling, swearing and demanding to know what took you so long to get there. One of the family members shoves you. What should you do?
Answer(s): A
Your first priority upon arrival at a scene should always be safety. If the scene is not safe, rescuers must withdraw until it is deemed safe.
You are trying to restrain a patient who is combative. During this attempt, the patient has bitten your partner on the arm. Which of the following statements is correct when it comes to bite wounds?
Answer(s): C
Human bites can be highly infectious. Vaccines do not prevent the risk of infection from a bite wound. Human saliva does not contain anticoagulant enzymes.
An 83-year-old patient is unresponsive and lying on the floor. The patient has a large bruise and laceration on the forehead. The patient’s vital signs are BP 90/60, P 126, and R 0. Which of the following conditions should the EMT most suspect?
Answer(s): B
The patient is unresponsive with signs of head trauma and is not breathing, indicating severe brain injury. Brain herniation can occur after significant intracranial pressure increases from head trauma and leads to loss of respiratory drive, making it the most likely condition.
А 21-year-old patient has loss of movement and sensation in the legs. The patient is under a car, which fell on them. Bystanders have lifted the vehicle off the patient. Which method, clothes drag or long backboard, should the EMT use to move the patient, and why?
The patient shows signs of possible spinal injury with loss of movement and sensation in the legs. After the immediate danger has been resolved, the priority is to minimize spinal movement, which is best achieved using a long backboard to help prevent further spinal injury.
Which of the following components can be determined by assessing the mechanism of injury? (Choose two.)
Answer(s): A,E
The mechanism of injury helps predict the potential severity and pattern of injuries, allowing the EMT to estimate the extent of injury and anticipate the need for additional resources.
A 37-year-old female presents with increased work of breathing after blunt chest trauma. During transport, her SpO2 is 92% and decreasing. You auscultate clear lung sounds. The most likely cause of her condition is:
Worsening respiratory distress with decreasing oxygen saturation and clear lung sounds after chest trauma suggests impaired cardiac filling rather than a primary lung problem. Pericardial tamponade restricts the heart’s ability to pump effectively, leading to signs of respiratory distress despite clear breath sounds.
A 19-year-old patient has received multiple stab wounds. The patient is unresponsive. The vital signs are BP 82/60, P 116, R 28, and SpO2 86%. Which substance would the EMT expect to increase in the patient's body?
Severe blood loss and poor perfusion lead to anaerobic metabolism, resulting in accumulation of lactic acid in the body.
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