QUESTION: 9 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

Although video game sales have increased steadily over the past 3 years, we can expect a reversal of this trend in the very near future. Historically, over three quarters of video games sold have been purchased by people from 13 to 16 years of age, and the number of people in this age group is expected to decline steadily over the next 10 years.
Which one of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the argument?

Most people 17 years old or older have never purchased a video game.
Video game rentals have declined over the past 3 years.
New technology will undoubtedly make entirely new entertainment options available over the next 10 years.
The number of different types of video games available is unlikely to decrease in the near future.
Most of the people who have purchased video games over the past 3 years are over the age of 16.

Answer(s): E

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QUESTION: 10 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

Double-blind techniques should be used whenever possible in scientific experiments. They help prevent the misinterpretations that often arise due to expectations and opinions that scientists already hold, and clearly scientists should be extremely diligent in trying to avoid such misinterpretations.
Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the argument?

Scientists’ objectivity may be impeded by interpreting experimental evidence on the basis of expectations and opinions that they already hold.
It is advisable for scientists to use double-blind techniques in as high a proportion of their experiments as they can.
Scientists sometimes neglect to adequately consider the risk of misinterpreting evidence on the basis of prior expectations and opinions.
Whenever possible, scientists should refrain from interpreting evidence on the basis of previously formed expectations and convictions.
Double-blind experimental techniques are often an effective way of ensuring scientific objectivity.

Answer(s): B

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QUESTION: 11 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

It is now a common complaint that the electronic media have corroded the intellectual skills required and fostered by the literary media. But several centuries ago the complaint was that certain intellectual skills, such as the powerful memory and extemporaneous
eloquence that were intrinsic to oral culture, were being destroyed by the spread of literacy. So, what awaits us is probably a mere alteration of the human mind rather than its devolution.
The reference to the complaint of several centuries ago that powerful memory and extemporaneous eloquence were being destroyed plays which one of the following roles in the argument?

evidence supporting the claim that the intellectual skills fostered by the literary media are being destroyed by the electronic media
an illustration of the general hypothesis being advanced that intellectual abilities are inseparable from the means by which people communicate
an example of a cultural change that did not necessarily have a detrimental effect on the human mind overall
evidence that the claim that the intellectual skills required and fostered by the literary media are being lost is unwarranted
possible evidence, mentioned and then dismissed, that might be cited by supporters of the hypothesis being criticized

Answer(s): C

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QUESTION: 12 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

Suppose I have promised to keep a confidence and someone asks me a question that I cannot answer truthfully without thereby breaking the promise. Obviously, I cannot both keep and break the same promise. Therefore, one cannot be obliged both to answer all questions truthfully and to keep all promises.
Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its reasoning to the argument above?

It is claimed that we have the unencumbered right to say whatever we want. It is also claimed that we have the obligation to be civil to others. But civility requires that we not always say what we want. So, it cannot be true both that we have the unencumbered right to say whatever we want and that we have the duty to be civil.
Some politicians could attain popularity with voters only by making extravagant promises; this, however, would deceive the people. So, since the only way for some politicians to be popular is to deceive, and any politician needs to be popular, it follows that some politicians must deceive.
If we put a lot of effort into making this report look good, the client might think we did so because we believed our proposal would not stand on its own merits. On the other hand, if we do not try to make the report look good, the client might think we are not serious about her business. So, whatever we do, we risk her criticism.
If creditors have legitimate claims against a business and the business has the resources to pay those debts, then the business is obliged to pay them. Also, if a business has obligations to pay debts, then a court will force it to pay them. But the courts did not force this business to pay its debts, so either the creditors did not have legitimate claims or the business did not have sufficient resources.
If we extend our business hours, we will either have to hire new employees or have existing employees work overtime. But both new employees and additional overtime would dramatically increase our labor costs. We cannot afford to increase labor costs, so we will have to keep our business hours as they stand.

Answer(s): A

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QUESTION: 9 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

QUESTION: 10 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

QUESTION: 11 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

QUESTION: 12 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning