QUESTION: 21 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

Driver: My friends say I will one day have an accident because I drive my sports car recklessly. But I have done some research, and apparently minivans and larger sedans have very low accident rates compared to sports cars. So trading my sports car in for a minivan would lower my risk of having an accident.
The reasoning in the driver’s argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that this argument

infers a cause from a mere correlation
relies on a sample that is too narrow
misinterprets evidence that a result is likely as evidence that the result is certain
mistakes a condition sufficient for bringing about a result for a condition necessary for doing so
relies on a source that is probably not well-informed

Answer(s): A

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QUESTION: 22 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

Editorialist: News media rarely cover local politics thoroughly, and local political business is usually conducted secretively. These factors each tend to isolate local politicians from their electorates. This has the effect of reducing the chance that any particular act of resident participation will elicit a positive official response, which in turn discourages resident participation in local politics.
Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the editorialist’s statements?

Particular acts of resident participation would be likely to elicit a positive response from local politicians if those politicians were less isolated from their electorate.
Local political business should be conducted less secretively because this would avoid discouraging resident participation in local politics.
The most important factor influencing a resident’s decision as to whether to participate in local politics is the chance that the participation will elicit a positive official response.
More-frequent thorough coverage of local politics would reduce at least one source of discouragement from resident participation in local politics.
If resident participation in local politics were not discouraged, this would cause local politicians to be less isolated from their electorate.

Answer(s): D

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QUESTION: 23 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

Philosopher: An action is morally right if it would be reasonably expected to increase the aggregate well-being of the people affected by it. An action is morally wrong if and only if it would be reasonably expected to reduce the aggregate well- being of the people affected by it. Thus, actions that would be reasonably expected to leave unchanged the aggregate well-being of the people affected by them are also right.
The philosopher’s conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?

Only wrong actions would be reasonably expected to reduce the aggregate well-being of the people affected by them.
No action is both right and wrong.
Any action that is not morally wrong is morally right.
There are actions that would be reasonably expected to leave unchanged the aggregate well-being of the people affected by them.
Only right actions have good consequences.

Answer(s): C

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QUESTION: 24 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

Car companies solicit consumer information on such human factors as whether a seat is comfortable or whether a set of controls is easy to use. However, designer interaction with consumers is superior to survey data; the data may tell the designer why a feature on last year’s model was given a low rating, but data will not explain how that feature needs to be changed in order to receive a higher rating.
The reasoning above conforms most closely to which one of the following propositions?

Getting consumer input for design modifications can contribute to successful product design.
Car companies traditionally conduct extensive postmarket surveys.
Designers aim to create features that will appeal to specific market niches.
A car will have unappealing features if consumers are not consulted during its design stage.
Consumer input affects external rather than internal design components of cars.

Answer(s): A

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QUESTION: 21 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

QUESTION: 22 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

QUESTION: 23 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

QUESTION: 24 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning