QUESTION: 13 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

Standard aluminum soft-drink cans do not vary in the amount of aluminum that they contain. Fifty percent of the aluminum contained in a certain group M of standard aluminum soft-drink cans was recycled from another group L of used, standard aluminum soft- drink cans. Since all the cans in L were recycled into cans in M and since the amount of material other than aluminum in an aluminum can is negligible, it follows that M contains twice as many cans as L.
The conclusion of the argument follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?

The aluminum in the cans of M cannot be recycled further.
Recycled aluminum is of poorer quality than unrecycled aluminum.
All of the aluminum in an aluminum can is recovered when the can is recycled.
None of the soft-drink cans in group L had been made from recycled aluminum.
Aluminum soft-drink cans are more easily recycled than are soft-drink cans made from other materials.

Answer(s): C

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QUESTION: 14 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

A cup of raw milk, after being heated in a microwave oven to 50 degrees Celsius, contains half its initial concentration of a particular enzyme, lysozyme. If, however, the milk reaches that temperature through exposure to a conventional heat source of 50 degrees Celsius, it will contain nearly all of its initial concentration of the enzyme. Therefore, what destroys the enzyme is not heat but microwaves, which generate heat.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

Heating raw milk in a microwave oven to a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius destroys nearly all of the lysozyme initially present in that milk.
Enzymes in raw milk that are destroyed through excessive heating can be replaced by adding enzymes that have been extracted from other sources.
A liquid exposed to a conventional heat source of exactly 50 degrees Celsius will reach that temperature more slowly than it would if it were exposed to a conventional heat source hotter than 50 degrees Celsius.
Milk that has been heated in a microwave oven does not taste noticeably different from milk that has been briefly heated by exposure to a conventional heat source.
Heating any liquid by microwave creates small zones within it that are much hotter than the overall temperature that the liquid will ultimately reach.

Answer(s): E

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QUESTION: 15 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

A new government policy has been developed to avoid many serious cases of influenza. This goal will be accomplished by the annual vaccination of high-risk individuals: everyone 65 and older as well as anyone with a chronic disease that might cause them to experience complications from the influenza virus. Each year’s vaccination will protect only against the strain of the influenza virus deemed most likely to be prevalent that year, so every year it will be necessary for all high-risk individuals to receive a vaccine for a different strain of the virus.
Which one of the following is an assumption that
would allow the conclusion above to be properly drawn?

The number of individuals in the high-risk group for influenza will not significantly change from year to year.
The likelihood that a serious influenza epidemic will occur varies from year to year.
No vaccine for the influenza virus protects against more than one strain of that virus.
Each year the strain of influenza virus deemed most likely to be prevalent will be one that had not previously been deemed most likely to be prevalent.
Each year’s vaccine will have fewer side effects than the vaccine of the previous year since the technology for making vaccines will constantly improve.

Answer(s): D

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QUESTION: 16 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

Taylor: Researchers at a local university claim that 61 percent of the information transferred during a conversation is communicated through nonverbal signals. But this claim, like all such mathematically precise claims, is suspect, because claims of such exactitude could never be established by science.
Sandra: While precision is unobtainable in many areas of life, it is commonplace in others. Many scientific disciplines obtain extremely precise results, which should not be doubted merely because of their precision.
The statements above provide the most support for holding that Sandra would disagree with Taylor about which one of the following statements?

Research might reveal that 61 percent of the information taken in during a conversation is communicated through nonverbal signals.
It is possible to determine whether 61 percent of the information taken in during a conversation is communicated through nonverbal signals.
The study of verbal and nonverbal communication is an area where one cannot expect great precision in one’s research results.
Some sciences can yield mathematically precise results that are not inherently suspect.
If inherently suspect claims are usually false, then the majority of claims made by scientists are false as well.

Answer(s): D

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QUESTION: 13 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

QUESTION: 14 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

QUESTION: 15 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

QUESTION: 16 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning